Increasing land taxes force Hawaiians off their ancestral lands

The Time Before

When Ed Chang was a child living in Makena in the 1930s there was only one road to get there, which was through ‘Ulupalakua Ranch up ma uka. There used to be a school but it closed in the 1920s before Chang was born so he and the other children of Makena went to ‘Ulupalakua School, six miles up the road. Chang’s grandfather was a Chinese merchant named A‘ana Chang. His grandmother was Keolakai (Hattie) Kukahiko whose family had been in Makena since the reign of Kamehameha I. Together the couple had 16 children.